The interaction is between four youngsters—Clemente (13),Camillo (13),Alfredo (14) and Agostino (15)—and an Italian student and fieldworker (m.).The four form an insulated network cluster which is characterized by a highfrequency of switching and

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The interaction is between four youngsters—Clemente (13),Camillo (13),Alfredo (14) and Agostino (15)—and an Italian student and fieldworker (m.).The four form an insulated network cluster which is characterized by a highfrequency of switching and

The interaction is between four youngsters—Clemente (13),Camillo (13),Alfredo (14) and Agostino (15)—and an Italian student and fieldworker (m.).The four form an insulated network cluster which is characterized by a highfrequency of switching and
The interaction is between four youngsters—Clemente (13),Camillo (13),
Alfredo (14) and Agostino (15)—and an Italian student and fieldworker (m.).
The four form an insulated network cluster which is characterized by a high
frequency of switching and transfer of all types.Clemente,the youngest,is also
the most German-dominant of the four.In our extract,he tries to tell a story to
m..Many aspects of his way of talking suggest that he is having enormous
difficulties formulating what he wants to express in Italian (see the hesitations,
vowel lengthening,repetitions and reformulations,incomprehensible passages).
The efforts he makes to speak (Standard) Italian for m.(a variety he hardly knows),
and not to make use of German (which he speaks fluently),lead him into hybrid
forms,transfer from German (cf.the spann?in 38:07) and Italian dialect (cf.the
nda instead of nel,38:08),hypercorrections (cf.a venuta in 38:05 as the
maximally distinct form from dialectal schwa-reduction venut?),and a generally
wide range of variation.4 Clemente’s difficulties reach a climax when he
attempts to translate what the German boy in his narrative said to his mother —
the punch line of the story.He finally switches to German to make himself
understood (line 38:18f).In reconstructing the local interpretation of this
instance of code-switching,the various hesitation phenomena and,on a
grammatical level,the italiano stentato produced by the boy give us the decisive
cues.They reveal that it is his competence in Italian which doesn’t allow him to
continue,and that switching into German rescues the narrative (if at all) because
of his superior competence in this language.Switching thus displays an
imbalanced bilingual competence.A second possible interpretation relating
Clemente’s switching to the direct speech he is about to report can be shown to be
of no more than secondary relevance for participants,because another participant
explicates how he interpreted Clemente’s hesitations:Alfredo,in lines 38:18 and
9:01 appeals to Clemente to use German (in line 17,his sags in deutsch halt is to
be continued with a ‘if you can’t…say it in Italian’).We can therefore be quite
sure that our interpretation of the speaker’s switching into German as being
related to his lacking competence in Italian is also shared by the co-participants
in this episode.

The interaction is between four youngsters—Clemente (13),Camillo (13),Alfredo (14) and Agostino (15)—and an Italian student and fieldworker (m.).The four form an insulated network cluster which is characterized by a highfrequency of switching and
这是四名青少年,克莱门特(13),卡米洛(13),阿尔弗雷多(14)和阿戈斯蒂诺(15)和意利的学生农民(M)之间的关系.这四个少年形成了一个频繁转换各种风格的隔绝的小群体.克莱门特,最年轻的,也是四个人之中最有德国血统的.在我们的摘要中,他试图告诉M一个故事,他说话的许多方式表明,他的意大利语表达能力有巨大的缺陷(比如犹豫,元音延长,重复,无法理解的句子).他尽力用(标准)的意大利语来和M讲话,(即使他几乎不会),而不是使用德语(他能说的很流利),导致他越说越混淆,从德国(参见施潘?在38:07)和意大利方言(参看新发展区,而不是内尔,38:08),而转到(参见在38:05为venuta最大限度地从方言schwa不同形式减少venut?)各种各样的语种变化.克莱门特,这个德国男孩很费力地翻译他从他那像故事生产线一样的母亲那里 听到的故事,最终他换回了德语才把自己弄明白.(线38:18 f)用他自己的语言吧这些各种各样的迷惑与现象解释之后,这个男孩给了我们一个决定性的线索.他们觉得,是因为他在意大利的限制不允许他继续说下去,因为他优秀的语言能力从而转到了关于德国救援的叙述(如果有的话),从而显示出他不平衡的的双语能力.关于第二种可能的解释是克莱门特切换到直接发言,证明自己只是第二等的参加者,因为另一位与会者会解释阐发克莱门特的犹豫:阿尔弗雷多在38:18行和9:01让克莱门特讲德语(他被禁止用德语,那么就继续以'如果你不能说的话,就用意大利语说吧').因此,我们可以解释为,我们听到说话者用德语是因为他意大利语说的不好,并且他说的话也被其他的共同参与者分享了.

效率与公平的互动是在四youngsters-Clemente(13),Camillo(13),
阿尔夫莱多(14)和他们(15),而且意大利的学生和fieldworker(m)。
四形成一个绝缘网络聚类具有高
的开关频率和转让所有类型。克莱最小的一个,也是
最German-dominant的四个。在我们的精华,他试图讲个故事
m .。他的...

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效率与公平的互动是在四youngsters-Clemente(13),Camillo(13),
阿尔夫莱多(14)和他们(15),而且意大利的学生和fieldworker(m)。
四形成一个绝缘网络聚类具有高
的开关频率和转让所有类型。克莱最小的一个,也是
最German-dominant的四个。在我们的精华,他试图讲个故事
m .。他的许多方面的谈话方式表明,他是有巨大的
他想说什么困难制定

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效率与公平的互动是在四youngsters-Clemente(13),Camillo(13),
阿尔夫莱多(14)和他们(15),而且意大利的学生和fieldworker(m)。
四形成一个绝缘网络聚类具有高
的开关频率和转让所有类型。克莱最小的一个,也是
最German-dominant的四个。在我们的精华,他试图讲个故事
m .。他的许多方面的谈话方式表...

全部展开

效率与公平的互动是在四youngsters-Clemente(13),Camillo(13),
阿尔夫莱多(14)和他们(15),而且意大利的学生和fieldworker(m)。
四形成一个绝缘网络聚类具有高
的开关频率和转让所有类型。克莱最小的一个,也是
最German-dominant的四个。在我们的精华,他试图讲个故事
m .。他的许多方面的谈话方式表明,他是有巨大的
困难制定他想表达在意大利(见忧郁、
元音延长的新处方,理解,重复和通道)。
对方所做的努力让说话的人(标准)意大利为米。(各种各样他不知道),
而不是利用德国(他说流利),引导他到的混合体
形式、转让的德国他解围。妻子的吗?在38:07)以及意大利语方言(的自由度。这
保密协议,而不是38:08),hypercorrections撤销cf.一个venuta在38:05(的
最大的不同形式的venut方言schwa-reduction ?)和普遍
广泛的variation.4克莱的困难达到高潮
尝试翻译德国孩子叙事对他母亲说,
妙语这个故事。他终于开关德国能使自己
理解38:18f行)。在恢复当地解释这一点
语码转换的实例,各犹豫现象和,在一个
语法水平、义大利语stentato所产生的男孩给我们决定性的
提示。他们表明,这是他的能力在意大利不允许他
继续,转向德国救叙事(如果)原因
他的优越能力在这门语言当中。开关从而展示出
平衡的双语能力。另一个可能的解释问题
克莱门的交换的直接言语他将要报告可以被显示
不超过二次关联参加者,因为另外一个参与者
他如何解释了的克莱门,休息一下:多线38:18
9:01呼吁克莱排队使用德语17,他在德语立定等
以“继续…如果你不能说意大利”)。因此,我们可以保持安静
相信我们的解释在德国,转向者的存在
与他的缺乏能力也意大利语是co-participants共享的
我们将在本集中。

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