英语翻译就是提几个有价值的有关德国文化（历史和现代的）问题 然后翻成英语 明天急用 因为我们班一德国生 我要把大家的问题翻译给他 当然问得到的~

英语翻译就是提几个有价值的有关德国文化（历史和现代的）问题 然后翻成英语 明天急用 因为我们班一德国生 我要把大家的问题翻译给他 当然问得到的~
英语翻译
就是提几个有价值的有关德国文化（历史和现代的）问题 然后翻成英语 明天急用 因为我们班一德国生 我要把大家的问题翻译给他 当然问得到的~

英语翻译就是提几个有价值的有关德国文化（历史和现代的）问题 然后翻成英语 明天急用 因为我们班一德国生 我要把大家的问题翻译给他 当然问得到的~
德国文化
随笔：喜爱读书——德国人的优良传统之一
新华网柏林11月22日电（记者郑汉根）德国著名作家歌德曾说过：读好书就是同高尚的人谈话.德国人对这种“谈话”有着巨大热情,即使是在电视、因特网等媒体十分发达的时代,他们依旧保持着爱读书的传统,而社会提供的服务又使他们读书十分便利.
在地铁列车里,在公园草
坪上,甚至在医院的候诊室内,手捧书本埋头阅读的人都很常见.民意调查显示,70％的德国人喜爱读书,一半以上的人定期买书,三分之一的人几乎每天读书.值得一提的是,在所有年龄段的人群中,30岁以下的年轻人读书热情最高.可见,书已经融入到了德国人的日常生活中.记者的一个年轻德国朋友说,在德国,读书就象喝啤酒一样平常.
在德国,买书很方便.无论城市乡村,书店都极容易找到,一座1万多人的小镇起码会有一两家规模较大的书店.在有着8200多万人口的德国,书店就有5000多家.在书店内,如果购书者不能在书架上找到自己想要的书籍,书店一定会帮助从出版社订购,买者很快就可以拿到书了.
除书店外,一些综合性超市和加油站也卖书.在某些大型仓储超市,人们会看到最新畅销书、减价书以及报刊杂志等摆放在货架上.顾客们满载牛奶面包等日常食、用物品的超市手推车里,也常常放着一两本书.此外,德国人还通过出版社直销、邮购、网上订购等途径买书.网上购书越来越受到欢迎,购书者每年以翻一番的速度递增.
德国大小书店内部的环境都十分安静、幽雅.一些大书店还设有播放音乐的咖啡厅,人们可以一边喝咖啡,一边浏览书籍.一些书店还有专供人们读书的区间,里面放着很多沙发和椅子.在书店里,书按照不同领域分类明晰,便于读者查找.
大量的图书馆也满足了德国人对书的爱好.德国有1.4万多个图书馆,藏书1.29亿册.许多图书馆通过组织作家演讲会、举办文化活动等使自己更具吸引力.小镇里往往也有图书馆,而没有固定图书馆的乡村则常常会得到流动图书馆的眷顾,这方便了农村人借书.
德国有关书的组织有很多,它们的活动促进了人们读书的热情.德国书商协会、读书基金会等常举办丰富多彩的促进阅读活动,最近成立的“德国朗读协会”组织知名人士到图书馆或书店为青少年朗读好文章,激发他们的读书兴趣.
德国人之所以整体素质较高,这与他们喜爱博览群书的优良传统是密切相关的.歌德就曾注意到书和文化的力量对德国的重要意义.他说：“假如不是通过一种光辉的民族文化均衡地流灌到全国各地,德国如何能伟大呢?遍布各地的图书馆、博物馆和剧院,作为支持和促进民族文化教养提高的力量,是绝不应被忽视的.”（完）
地理概况
自然地理：德国位于欧洲中部,东邻波兰、捷克,南接奥地利、瑞士,西界荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、法国,北与丹麦相连并临北海和波罗的海,是欧洲邻国最多的国家.面积为357020. 22平方公里（1999年12月）.地势北低南高,可分为四个地形区：北德平原,平均海拔不到100米；中德山地,由东西走向的高地块构成；西南部莱茵断裂谷地区,两旁是山地,谷壁陡峭；南部的巴伐利亚高原和阿尔卑斯山区,其间拜恩阿尔卑斯山脉的主峰祖格峰海拔2963米,为全国最高峰.主要河流有莱茵河（流经境内865公里）、易北河、威悉河、奥得河、多瑙河.较大湖泊有博登湖、基姆湖、阿莫尔湖、里次湖.西北部海洋性气候较明显,往东、南 部逐渐向大陆性气候过渡.平均气温7月14～19℃,1月－5～1℃.年降水量500～1000毫米,山地则更多.1995年1月1日起,根据1982年国际海洋法协定,德国在北海和东海的领海由3海里增至12海里（约22公里）,其面积各增加4100和1700平方公里.
主要城市
年轻而古老的首都——柏林
柏林(Berlin)作为1990年10月两德统一后的首都既年轻又古老.它位于欧洲的心脏,是东西方的交汇点.城市面积883平方公里,其中公园、森林、湖泊和河流约占城市总面积的四分之一,整个城市在森林和草地的环抱之中,宛若一个绿色大岛. 人口约339万.
柏林是著名的欧洲古都,始建于1237年.建城人是勃兰登堡边疆伯爵阿伯特,因伯爵的绰号叫“熊”,后人就一直以一只站立的黑熊作为柏林城的城徽.1415年,柏林—科恩成为勃兰登堡邦国的首府.1871年俾斯麦统一德国后定都柏林.1990年10月3日,两个德国统一,东、西柏林也再次合并为一个城市.次年6月德国联邦议院决定,柏林为德国统一后的首都和政府所在地.

德国柏林市区上空拍摄的照片,城区的各类建筑掩映在片片绿树丛中.>>

名胜古迹
名胜：勃兰登堡门(Brandenburg Gate)位于柏林市中心菩提树大街和6月17日大街的交汇处,是柏 林市区著名的游览胜地和德国统一的象征.公元1753年,普鲁士国王弗里德利希·威廉一世定都柏林,下令修筑共有14座城门的柏 林城,因此门坐西朝东,弗里德利希·威廉一世便以国王家族的发祥地勃兰登命名.初时此门仅为一座用两根巨大的石柱支撑的简陋石门.1788年,普鲁士国王弗里德利希·威廉二世统一德意志帝国,为表庆祝,遂重建此门.当时德国著名建筑学家卡尔·歌德哈尔·阆汉斯受命承担设计与建筑工作,他以雅典古希腊柱廊式城门为蓝本,设计了这座凯旋门式的城门,并于1791年竣工.重建后的城门高20米,宽65．6米,进深11米,门内有5条通道,中间的通道最宽.据史书记载,中间的通道在1918年德皇退位前仅允许皇族成员行走.门内各通道之间用巨大的砂岩条石隔开,条石的两端各饰6根高达14米、底部直径为1．70米的多立克式立柱.为使此门更辉煌壮丽,当时德国著名的雕塑家戈特弗里德·沙多又为此门顶端设计了一套青铜装饰雕像：四匹飞驰的骏马拉着一辆双轮战车,战车上站着一位背插双翅的女神,她一手执杖一手提辔,一只展翅欲飞的普鲁士飞鹰鹫立在女神手执的饰有月桂花环的权杖上.在各通道内侧的石壁上镶嵌着沙多创作的20幅描绘古希腊神话中大力神海格拉英雄事迹的大理石浮雕画.30幅反映古希腊和平神话“和平征战”的大理石浮雕装饰在城门正面的石门楣上.此门建成之后曾被命名为“和平之门”,战车上的女神被称为“和平女神”.
无忧宫(Sans Souci Palace)位于德意志联邦共和国东部勃兰登堡州首府波茨坦市北郊.宫名取自法文原意“无忧”（或“莫愁”）.无忧宫及其周围的园 林是普鲁士国王腓特烈二世（1745—1757年）时期仿照法国凡尔赛宫的建 筑式样建造的.整个园林占地290公顷,座落在一座沙丘上,故也有“沙丘上的宫殿”之称.无忧宫全部建筑工程前后延续了约50年之久,为德国建筑艺术的精华.无忧宫前是平行的弓形6级台阶,两侧由翠绿丛林烘托.宫殿前的大喷泉 是用圆形花瓣石雕组成,四周用“火”、“水”、“土”、“空气”4个圆形花坛陪衬,花坛内塑有神像,尤以维纳斯像和水星神像造形最为精美、生动.据说,整个宫内有1000多座以希腊神话人物为题材的石刻雕像.正殿中部为半圆球形顶,两翼为长条锥脊建筑.殿正中为圆厅,门廊面对一座大喷泉.瑰丽的首相厅的天花板装潢极富想像力,四壁镶金,光彩夺目.室内多用壁画和明镜装饰,辉煌璀璨.宫的东侧有珍藏124幅名画的画廓,多为文艺复兴时期意大利、荷兰画家的名作.在无忧宫的花园内有一座六角凉亭,被称为中国茶亭.茶亭采用了中国传统的伞状圆形屋顶、上盖碧瓦、黄金圆柱落地支撑的建筑结构.亭内桌椅完全仿造东方式样制造.亭前矗立着一只中国式香鼎.据说当年普鲁士国王常在此品茶消遣.
科隆大教堂(Cologne Cathedral)是世界上最完美的哥特式教堂,位于德国 科隆市中心的莱茵河畔.东西长144．55米,南北宽86．25米,厅高43．35米,顶柱高109米,中央是两座与门墙连砌在一起的双尖塔,这两座157．38米的尖塔像两把锋利的宝剑,直插苍穹.整座建筑物全部由磨光石块砌成,占地8000平方米,建筑面积约6000多平方米.在大教堂的四周林立着无数座小尖塔,整个大教堂呈黑色,在全市所有的建筑中格外引人注目.
波茨坦会议旧址——西席林霍夫宫
西席林霍夫宫坐落在柏林西南哈韦尔河畔的波茨坦市,始建于1912年,竣工于1917年.它是一座赭墙红瓦的建筑,共有5个内院,175间房子,由威廉二世所建,后被一富商购得改为别墅.因《波茨坦协定》在此签署而闻名遐迩.
1945年7月至8月,苏、美、英三国首脑斯大林、杜鲁门和丘吉尔在此举行会议,谋求解决同盟国之间在如何分享战争的胜利果实及战后和平安排等问题上出现的一系列矛盾.7月26日,发布了敦促日本无条件投降的《波茨坦公告》.8月2日,苏、美、英三国首脑签订了有关处理战后德国原则的《波茨坦协定》.
波茨坦会议的中心会场在进入大门的正面大厅内.大厅约40平方米,厅中央是一张栎木大圆桌,上面插着与会的苏、美、英三国国旗.绕桌分放3把大扶手椅,靠窗的一把为斯大林的座位,其余两把为杜鲁门和丘吉尔的坐椅.每把扶手椅之间放着4把靠背椅,是与会的3国高级官员的位置.桌布、椅套、地毯一律是庄严肃穆的鲜红色.墙上挂着三国首脑的大幅照片.厅的上部设有楼廊,是当时供各国记者采访用的新闻席.大厅两边是工作室.
宫内走廊里陈列着有关第二次世界大战和波茨坦会议的资料和照片.其中,最醒目的是挂在墙上的《波茨坦协定》文本,上面赫然签署着斯大林、杜鲁门和艾德礼（代替大选中下野的丘吉尔）的名字.
现在会议大厅和三国首脑的工作室等均对游客开放,供人参观.宫门前有个圆形花坛,中间是个由红色天竺葵组成的五角星,它是当年波茨坦会议举行前夕据斯大林指示设计建成的.
风俗习惯
德国礼仪
服饰礼仪： 德国人不喜欢服装的花哨,但都很注重衣冠的整洁,穿西装一定要系领带.在赴宴或到剧院看文艺演出时男士经常穿深色礼服,女士则穿长裙,并略施粉黛.在东部地区,已婚者都带上金质戒指.
仪态礼仪： 德国人对工作一丝不苟,在社交场合也举止庄重,讲究风度.德国妇女的特点是素,这不光是体现在穿着打扮上,也体现在言谈举止上.与德国人相处时,几乎见不到他们皱眉头等漫不经心的动作,因为他们把这些动作视为对客人的不尊重,是缺乏友情和教养的表现.
相见礼仪： 德国人比较注重礼节形式.在社交场合与客人见面时,一般行握手礼.与熟人朋友和亲人相见时,一般行拥抱礼.在与客人打交道时,总乐于对方称呼他们的头衔,但他们并不喜欢听恭维话.对刚相识者不宜直呼其名.
Germany's culture
Essays: love reading - German tradition
Xinhuanet Berlin 22 November (xinhua ZhengHanGen) German famous writer Goethe said: read books with noble person is talking. The germans to "talk" with great enthusiasm, even on TV and the Internet media is developed, they still remain a love of reading, and traditional social services and make their reading is very convenient.
In the subway train, in the park
Ping, even in the hospital waiting indoor, book in hand in reading are very common. Polls showed that 70 percent of germans love reading, more than half of them regularly buy books, one-third of the study almost every day. Be worth what carry is, in all age groups of young people under the age of 30, the highest enthusiasm reading. Visible, books have been integrated into the German People's Daily life. A young German reporter friend said, in Germany, like to drink beer as usual.
In Germany, buying books is very convenient. Regardless of urban and rural areas are very easy to find, bookstores, a town of at least 1 million people will have one or two large bookstores. More than a million people in the German high, have more than 5,000 bookstore. In the bookstore in advance, if not shelf you want, bookstore will help books from the press order, the buyer may soon get the book.
Besides, some comprehensive supermarket outside the bookstore and the gas station also sell books. In some large storage supermarket, people will see the latest bestsellers, sale books and newspapers and magazines, etc in the shelf. Customers with milk and bread daily food, using the items in the supermarket trolley, often with a book. In addition, the germans still through direct mail, press, online order way such as buying books. Increasingly popular online bookstores, and every year to advance the double speed increases.
The size of the internal environment of German bookstore is very quiet, quiet and tastefully laid out. Some big bookshop music played with the cafe, people can drink coffee, browse books. Some bookstore and the interval, for people to read by many sofa and chair. In a bookstore, book classification according to different fields, facilitate readers for clarity.
A library is satisfied with the germans in the book. Germany has 1.4 million more library collection, 1.29 million copies. Many libraries through the organization of cultural events, writer as more attractive to himself. The town is a library, the library without fixed country often get the visit, the flowing library books for rural people easily.
Germany has many books about the organization, which promotes the activities of reading people. German bookseller association, reading fund, often held to promote reading activity, colorful recently established reading association "organization" German celebrities to library or bookstore for teenagers, arouse their reading good books interest.
The germans are the overall quality is higher, and they enjoy reading of the fine tradition are closely related. Goethe would have noticed the strength and cultural significance of Germany. He said: "if not through a brilliant culture balanced flow irrigation to all over the country, how can the great German? Around the country libraries, museums and theatres, as to support and promote national cultural upbringing improve strength and should never be neglected. (to finish)
Geographical situation
Natural geography: German is located in central Europe, Poland, the Czech republic, Austria and Switzerland, south west Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, and the north sea and connected in Denmark and the Baltic sea, it is the most European neighbours. 357020 area, 22 square kilometers (December 1999). Terrain can be divided into north meteorological DeXingOu: four, northern Germany, average altitude of less than 100 plains, Sino-german mountains, for the land by high, Southwest Rhine valley area, a fault, the wall; steep hill South of the Bavarian Alps, plateau and the Alps mountain and ZuGeFeng altitude, the highest 2963. The Rhine river is flowing (mainly domestic 865 kilometres), the river, the river, a siddhartha, the Danube river. Large lakes have lake compensates, chiemsee, amare lake, the lake times. Obviously, the climate in northwest toward the east, south of transition to a continental climate. Average temperatures on July 14 ~ 19 degrees Celsius, January - 5 ~ 1 ° c. Annual precipitation 500-1000 mm, hill is more. As of January 1, 1995, according to the international law in 1982, Germany in beihai park and agreement by 3 miles east of the territorial sea to 12 nautical 22 kilometers), the area of each increase 4100 and 1,700 square kilometers.
Major cities
Young and old capital, Berlin
Berlin (Berlin) as October 1990 after the unification of the capital, young and old. It is located in the heart of Europe, eastern and western intersection. Urban area answer square kilometers, including park, forests, lakes and rivers in urban area accounts for about a quarter of the city in the forest and grass, like a green encircle islands. 339 million population.
Berlin is a famous European capital, founded in 1237. City people's Brandenburg gate frontier, earl abbott earl's nickname called "bear", has been to a standing as a city of Berlin ChengHui bear. Berlin -- in 1415 Cohen, capital of the nations be Brandenburg gate. In 1871 bismarck unity when Germany Dublin. In 1990, October 3, two German reunification, east and west Berlin is merged into one again. June of next year the Reichstag decision, Berlin for German reunification capital and seat of government.
Berlin, Germany over the city, the city of the photographs of architecture in the patches of green trees. > >
Places of historic interest
The Brandenburg Gate Brandenburg Gate scenic: () is located in the center of Berlin lindens avenue and June 17th street, is the famous nai Lin resort and symbol of the unification of Germany. The king of Prussia in 1753, Dudley, Avery, ordered WeiLianYiShi set Dublin city building 14 seat of LinCheng cypress, therefore the door toward the east, was WeiLianYiShi Avery, by the king family named landon graber birthplace. At the door for a two big pillars support the humble monolith. In 1788, the king of Prussia was fritz, WeiLianErShi unified deutsche empire, for the table, hence this celebration. When Germany renowned architectural historians Karl Goethe, undertake design and Lang Hans was in Athens, his work for the Greek colonnades type, the gate of the arc DE triomphe type design, and to the gates of 1791 completion. After the reconstruction of the gate 20 meters high, wide 65.6 meters, width and meters, gates are 5 channel of the middle and channel. According to historical records, among the channel in 1918 Kaiser only allow royal family before abdication. Each channel between gates with huge sandstone stone, stone separated at each end of the six ACTS 14 meters high, bottom diameter to 1.70 meters, more than vertical. The door for more splendid, when Germany's famous sculptor GeTe fritz DE sand and this door top designed a set of bronze statue of decoration, four a galloping horse pulled a chariot, chariot stands a goddess of wings plug back, her hand holding a portable Pei, a scepter to fly wings in the Prussian camellia griffin goddess of hand decorated with bay anadem scepter. In each channel inside the walls of the inlaid with more than 20 sand picture of the ancient Greek myth of the heroic deeds of heracles graz marble relief paintings. Greek mythology of 30 reflects peace "peace in" marble relief decoration in the gates of the positive MeiShang monolith. The door was named after the completion of the door, "" peace on the chariot was called the" goddess "peace.
51job Sans Souci Palace (the) is located in the federal republic of Germany BoLanDengBaoZhou capital city north eastern Potsdam. From French palace "intent" (or "mo sorrow"). 51job palace and the surrounding forest park is the king of Prussia Frederick ii (1745-1757) took French Versailles palace built in the building construction style. The garden covers an area of 290 hectares, located in a sand dunes, it also has "the palace". 51job palace all construction engineering and lasted for about 50 years for Germany, the essence of art and architecture. 51job palace is parallel to the bow before six steps, both sides by green jungle foil. The palace is circular stone fountain petals, around with "fire", "water" and "earth", "air" four points within the flower round parterre has gods, plastic, especially with Venus resembles and most elegant shape, mercury, vivid images. Allegedly, the whole palace has more than 1000 seats in Greek mythology as the theme of stone statues. In the main hall, wings for half globular cones ridge architecture. For strip The house for a round face, porch fountain. The prime minister's office magnificent decoration creative walls, ceiling gold, glow. Indoor use mural and adornment, brilliant bright mirror. The collection of paintings have 124 for the painting profile, Renaissance Italy, Holland painter's masterpiece. In the palace without a garden with ChaTing called Chinese pavilion. ChaTing adopted the traditional Chinese umbrella circular roof, roof BiWa, gold cylindrical landing support structures. Booth in Oriental style manufacturing imitated chairs completely. The pavilion stands a Chinese sweet. It was the country WangChangZai Prussia and recreation.
Cologne Cathedral in Cologne Cathedral () is the world's most gothic church, perfect the center in Germany Rhine Cologne. 144.55 meters long, wide 43.35 86.25 meters high, hall, 109 meters high, the engine is two stones together with the wall of even the two minarets, 157.38 meters of minarets like two sharp sword, into the ether. The whole building blocks by polish, covers an area of 8,000 square meters and a building area of more than 6000 square meters. At the cathedral of innumerable small round with a black, the cathedral spire in the city, all the buildings were particularly noticeable.
The Potsdam conference site XiXi - LinHuoFu palace
XiXi LinHuoFu palace located in the southwest of Berlin, maxwell river, founded in Potsdam, 1912, completed in 1917. It is a red tile wall of the building germick, there are five inner, 175 house built by WeiLianErShi purchased by a rich, instead of the villa. Because of the Potsdam agreement signed in this famous.
In 1945, July to August, Sue, beauty and leaders Truman and Stalin, Winston Churchill in this meeting, seeking solutions on how to share the war between the allied victory fruit and post-war peace arrangement on a series of contradictions. On July 26, be released urged Japan surrendered unconditionally "of the Potsdam proclamation. On August 2, Sue, beauty and relevant leaders signed with the principle of post-war German the Potsdam agreement.